- Executive Branch: Chief of state: President Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (since 7 August 2010); Vice President Angelino GARZON (since 7 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government. Head of government: President Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (since 7 August 2010); Vice President Angelino GARZON (since 7 August 2010). Cabinet: Min. of Agriculture & Rural Development -Juan Camilo Restrepo-, Min. of Commerce, Industry, & Tourism -Sergio Diaz Grandados-, Min. of Communication -Diego Molano Vega, Min. of Culture -Mariana Garces Cordoba-, Min. of Defense -Rodrigo Rivera Salazar-, Min. of Education -Maria Fernanda Campo Saavedra-, Min. of Energy & Mines -Carlos Rodado Noriega-, Min. of Environment, Housing, & Territorial Development -Beatriz Uribe Botero-, Min. of Finance & Public Credit -Juan Carlos Echeverry-, Min. of Foreign Relations -Maria Angela Holguin Cuellar-, Min. of Interior & Justice -German Vargas Lleras_, Min. of Social Protection -Mauricio Santamaria Salamanca-, Min. of Transportation -German Cardona Gutierrez-, Dir., National Planning -Hernando Jose Gomez-, Pres., Bank of the Republic -Jose Dario Uribe Escobar-. - Capital: Bogota D.C. - Population: 43,677,372 (July 2010 est.) Country comparison to the world: 28. - Languages: Spanish. - Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama. - Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands - Land boundaries: total: 6,309 km. - Border countries: Brazil 1,644 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,800 km, Venezuela 2,050 km. - Background: Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A four-decade long conflict between government forces and anti-government insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government and violence has been decreasing since about 2002, but insurgents continue attacks against civilians and large areas of the countryside are under guerrilla influence or are contested by security forces. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. - Administrative divisions: 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota D.C.*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada. - International organization participation: BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO. - GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $401.5 billion (2009 est.) -country comparison to the world: 29 - $401.1 billion (2008 est.), $391.7 billion (2007 est.). Note: Data are in 2009 US dollars. - GDP - per capita: $9,200 (2009 est.) -country comparison to the world: 111-, $9,300 (2008 est.), $9,200 (2007 est.). Note: Data are in 2009 US dollars. - GDP - composition by sector: Agriculture: 9.7%, industry: 37.4%, services: 52.9% (2009 est.). - Agriculture - products: Coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp. - Industries: Textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds.